Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death among Chinese residents, and myocardial ischemia is a common cause of many cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has unique advantages in the treatment of myocardial ischemia due to its multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics. By searching the relevant literature of TCM against myocardial ischemia injury at home and abroad in recent years, the paper systematically reviewed the research on the mechanism of action of TCM active ingredients in the treatment of myocardial ischemic injury, including terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, polyphenols, volatile oils and other compounds, which mainly played a role in antioxidant stress damage, inhibition of inflammatory response, improvement of energy metabolism, inhibition of apoptosis and activation of autophagy, aiming to provide reference and basis for the treatment of myocardial ischemia injury and clinical drug development.