Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the combination treatment with radiotherapy and cetuximab on the increased risk of oropharynx bacteria in the head and neck neoplasms patients, and some effective nursing measure were put forward. METHODS The clinical data of 206 cases with head and neck cancer were analyzed retrospectively in the recent two years. Throat swab specimens were obtained from patients for etiological tests. All patients were divided into infected group and uninfected group according to whether infection. collected may suit related factors that affect the pharyngeal bacterial infection index. then the clinically relevant factors for bacteria-positive throat swab cultures were evaluated for their predictive effect using the ordered logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 102 cases(49.5%) presented postitive results of bacterial infected. The age-related rate and administration of cetuximab in the two groups had significant difference (P<0.05). T stage-related rate and administration of nimotuzumab in the two groups had edge significant difference (P=0.059, 0.054). and other factors had no significant difference in the two groups. The result of Logistic Regression Analysis showed that the age, T stage and administration of cetuximab were high-risk factors of oropharynx bacteria in the head and neck neoplasms patients. CONCLUSION The high age, T stage and administration of cetuximab can increase the risk of throat infection and degree in head and neck cancer patients during radiotherapy. The corresponding nursing counter measures need to be taken for eldly patients which are high T stage and administration of cetuximab during radiation period.