Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the protective effect of fenofibrate(FF) in the kidney of diabetic rats and mechanism of anti-oxidative stress. METHODS All the rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group and FF (80, 40, 20 mg?kg^-1) group. Diabetic models were established by a single injection of streptozotocin(STZ). Then model group were given distilled water and FF(80, 40, 20 mg?kg^-1) groups were fed with FF. After 8 weeks, Alb, RBP in urine and blood glucose and HbA1c were detected. The renal tissue was acquired for measuring MDA, SOD, GSH, NO, NOS and Na-K-ATP. Histopathological changes in renal tissues were detected. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, Alb and RBP and renal concentration of MDA of FF 80 mg?kg^-1 group increased significantly(P<0.05), while the activity of SOD, NO, NOS, Na-K-ATP and GSH decreased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with model group, Alb and RBP and renal concentration of MDA of FF 80 mg?kg^-1 group decreased significantly(P<0.05), while the activity of SOD, NO, NOS, Na-K-ATP and GSH increased significantly(P<0.05). Histopathology of rats in model group showed renal tubular injury, basophilic change, atrophy, or cystic expansion, mild interstitial inflammatory infiltration while it showed interstitial inflammatory infiltration in FF 80 mg?kg^-1 group. CONCLUSION FF plays a protctive role on diabetic rats renal damage, which may be related with inhibition of oxidative stress.