Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of Danggui Buxue granules and search for the possible protective mechanism in rats. METHODS Using noninvasive arterial clamp to block the renal pedicle vascular to induce renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and applying the kidney microdialysis technology to collects kidney dialysis fluid, then the content of adenosine and its metabolites was measured by HPLC. Making use of immunohistochemistry method to explore protein expression of the Bax, Bcl-2, iNOS. RESULTS The concentration of adenosine, hypoxanthine and inosine of model group raised from (0.57±0.11), (3.14±0.20), (0.16±0.03)μmol·L^-1 to (8.61±0.62), (10.92±1.14), (0.85±0.05)μmol·L^-1, respectively after renal ischemia reperfusion injury, but Danggui Buxue granules group(DG group) raised up to (6.91±0.67), (6.04±0.67), (0.61±0.13)μmol·L^-1, which were lower than the model group significantly. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with sham operation group(SO group), after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury each group kidney tissues and cells of the Bax, Bcl-2 and iNOS protein expression significantly enhanced(P<0.01). However, after reperfusion, the Bcl-2 protein expression of DG group was higher than IR group significantly (P<0.05), while the Bax and iNOS protein expression of DG group was lower than IR group significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed that protective mechanism of Danggui Buxue granules on renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats may be related to inhibiting ATP degradation, and attributed to up-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression and down-regulation of Bax and iNOS gene expression.