Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical significance of Neuron-specific enolase(NSE) levels of insulin therapy on stress hyperglycemia after cerebral hemorrhage. METHODS Sixty-six cases of intracerebral hemorrhage patients whose hematoma volumes in basal ganglia was 15-30 mL, and the blood glucose was 7.8-11.1 mmol·L^-1, were randomly selected and divided into therapy group(n=34) and routine therapy group(n=32). The control group(n=30) were healthy people. Those two therapy groups’ blood glucose were tested once every 2 h to prevent hypoglycemia. Serum NSE level was detected with ELISA method. Changes in cerebral hematoma and neurological deficit scores were compared during treatment, and the curative effects were compared between both therapy group and routine therapy group after 3 months of therapy. RESULTS The concentrations of NSE in the two treatment groups increased within 12 h compared with the control group(P<0.01), and there were no significant difference in 24 h. The therapy group reached its NSE peak in the first 3 d and then began to decline, while the routine therapy group in 7 d. The concentrations of NSE in the therapy group had no significant differences than that in the routine therapy group within 3 d, but decreased rapidly than that in the routine therapy treatment group after 7 d(P<0.01). However the NSE in the therapy group were higher than that in control group within 21 d(P<0.01), and had no significant difference after 28 d. The concentrations of NSE in routine therapy group were higher than that in control group within 28 d(P<0.01). Hematoma volume and neurological deficit scores were significantly different between two groups in the first 14 d and 28 d(P<0.01). After 3 months follow-up, the curative effects were significantly different between two groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Early application of insulin can protect neurons, improve neurological deficit, reduce nerve cell damage and brain secondary damage in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage, promote neural functional recovery and improve the prognosis.