Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of strict management of prophylactic use of antimicrobials in patients during perioperative period. METHODS Selected the urinary surgery patients undergoing aseptic operation (abdominal external hernia, breast, thyroid operation) from February to March 2011, August to September 2009 and February to March 2012 at random, and then divided into pre-intervention group, the first stage of post-intervention group, and the second stage of post-intervention group, 60 cases in each group. The clinical application of antibiotics of 180 surgical patients were analyzed. RESULTS Perioperative antimicrobial prophylactic application rate in patients undergoing aseptic operation decreased from 100.00% in pre-intervention group to 21.67% in the second stage of post-intervention. The main problems of irrational application were the incorrect choice of medicine and long term use. CONCLUSION Prophylactic use of antimicrobials in perioperative patients exist unreasonable factors. Reinforcing management of antimicrobials can improve rationality of prophylactic use.