Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the necessity of prophylactic usage of antibiotics during perioperative period for transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization(TACE). METHODS To use longitudinal analysis approach 98 patients’ 150 TACE was selected and divided into antibiotics sufficient prophylaxis group(50), general prophylaxis group(50) and non-prophylaxis group(50) according to their antibiotic medications during perioperative period. Cefmetazole sodium(1 g, bid) for sufficient prophylaxis group and cefazolin(1 g, tid) for general prophylaxis group were iv drip, any antibiotics was not used for non-prophylaxis group. Embolism syndrome and infection was compared with them. RESULTS All of 123 cases in 3 groups had a fever and in which 42 for sufficient antibiotics prophylaxis group, 41 for general prophylaxis group and 40 for non-prophylaxis group, respectively; 125 cases appeared elevated neutrophilic granulocytes in which 42 for sufficient antibiotics prophylaxis group, 40 for general prophylaxis group and 43 for non-prophylaxis group, respectively; 7 cases in 3 groups appeared elevated neutrophilic granulocytes accompanying abnormally elevated leukocytes in which 2 for sufficient antibiotics prophylaxis group, 3 for general prophylaxis group and 2 for non-prophylaxis group, respectively; incorporating laboratory examination and clinical symptoms no septicemia was diagnosed, their hem gram went back to normal after anti-infective therapy. There was no statistic differences in embolism syndrome among them. CONCLUSION There is no need to use antibiotics prophylacticly during perioperative period for TACE for patients with good hepatic reservoir and free from infection preoperatively.