Abstract: OBJECTIVE To discuss the effect of selective HMG-COA rosuvastatin and antioxidant probucol on atherosclerosis in rats, and research its mechanism. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into control group(group A), model group(group B), rosuvastatin group(group C), probucol group(group D), and rosuvastatin combined probucol group(group E), 12 rats in each group. High lipid-diet and intraperitoneal injection of Vitamin D3 were given to establish the atherosclerosis(AS) rat model. Group C, group D, and group E were intragastrically administered drug from the nineth week. All the rats were weighted and sacrificed for determination the levels of blood lipid, low-density lipoprotein(OX-LDL) in plasma, malonaldehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), vascular endothelial cadherin(VE-cadherin) in serum. The expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(PECAM-1) was assayed by immunohistochemistry. The histomorphological changes of the aorta were observed under light microscope. RESULTS Compared with group B, the content of cholesterol(TC) and low-density lipoprotein(LDL) in group C, D and E were lower(P<0.01), the level of OX-LDL, VE-cadherin and MDA were significantly lower(P<0.01), the SOD activity increased(P<0.05), the intimal thickness was thinner(P<0.01) and the endothelial damage of the aorta was lessened, and the expression of PECAM-1 was decreased(P<0.01). The levels of OX-LDL and MDA were lower and the SOD activity increased in group D and E than that in group C(P<0.05). The intimal thickness was thinner in group E than that in group C and D(P<0.05). CONCLUSION The therapeutic effects of probucol in reducing the level of TC, LDL is similar to rosuvastatin and the effect of antioxidation in probucol is superior to rosuvastatin. The two drugs combined together can decrease the histomorphological damage, slow the progress of AS, and improve treatment.