Abstract: OBJECTIVE To identify falsify or counterfeit of Olibanum and different processed products, to compare them with the Official Frankincense, and to study determination methods for abietic acid. METHODS Fifty batches of Olibanum commercial samples were collected from medicine market of 10 provinces(cities). The starch was identified by morphology and chemical reaction; the abietic acid was identified by TLC, HPLC-PAD and HPLC-MS; the abietic acid content of falsify or counterfeit was determind by HPLC. RESULTS From tested fifty batches of Olibanum commercial samples, twenty-seven groups were Official Frankincense, and twenty-three were counterfeit. There were thirteen groups detected starch, and twenty-two groups detected abietic acid. CONCLUSION The problem of counterfeit and falsify in Olibanum commercial samples is serious. The counterfeit is made by starch and colophony. The falsify is a mixture of counterfeit and Olibanum. The method can meet the requirements of identification and determination.