Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the application of prophylactic antibiotics with type I incision operation in hospital so as to provide a further guidance for rational drug use. METHODS Case history of 52 cases with type I incision operation were randomly retrieved, whose data concerning drug categories, duration of medication，drug combination, DUI, ect were analysed. RESULTS All of the 52 cases were given the antibacterial drugs in perioperative period，the first three kinds were etimicin, cefminox sodium, latamoxef sodium. ampicillin-sulbactam. 42.31% of cases were treated three days. The rate of antibiotics combination using was 32.69%. ampicillin-sulbactam，cefazolin use indexs (DUI) were >1. CONCLUSION Irrational antibiotic prophylaxis in type I incision perioperative period exists, it is suggested that antibiotic prophylaxis in type I incision perioperative period should be further strengthened to supervise and management.