Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Xiaokeping mixture on improvement of islet β-cell function in recent-onset type 2 diabetes. METHODS Ninty recent-onset type 2 diabetic patients were randomly divided into 3 groups(Group A, B, C), Group A was given glipizide or gliclazide sustained-release tablets(30 patients, 1 patient dropped out), Group B was given insulin(30 patients, 2 patients dropped out), Group C was given insulin combinate Xiaokeping mixture(30 patients, 2 patients dropped out). The changes in clinical syndromes FBG, P2hPG, HbA1c, C peptide and HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS　After treatment, clinical symptom, FBG, P2hPG, HbA1c, fasting C peptide and HOMA-IS were improved parentally comparing with pre-treatment(P<0.05), Group C has significant difference comparing with Group A and B(P<0.05). The secretive peak value of C peptide in Group A was still low and delayed, while in Group B and C, C-peptide at 1 hour was significantly increased and indicated a certain degree of improvement and recovery of islet β-cell function. The improving effect in Group C was better. CONCIUSION To recent-onset type 2 diabetes, Xiaokeping mixture can decrease glucose and protect islet β-cell function，and shows synergistic and enhancing action when combined use with insulin.