Abstract: Chronic diseases are characterized by long disease courses, complex management, and pronounced individual heterogeneity, which necessitate more systematic and long-term strategies for their prevention and treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) offers distinctive advantages in the holistic regulation and dynamic syndrome-based management of chronic diseases, and related research is gradually expanding toward mechanistic elucidation and evidence-based evaluation. This special column, “Research on the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine” presents multi-level research advances, aiming to provide insights into the role and characteristics of TCM in chronic disease management, promote in-depth research in this field, and enhance overall capacities for chronic disease prevention and treatment.