Abstract: Ulcerative colitis(UC) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa with a complex pathogenesis involving multiple factors, including impaired intestinal barrier function, dysregulation of the immune system, and abnormal oxidative stress responses. The silent information regulator protein(sirtuin, SIRT) family plays a key role in the progression of UC. While conventional treatments for UC can effectively induce remission and maintain mucosal healing, they are associated with limitations such as corticosteroid dependence, increased risk of opportunistic infections related to immunosuppression, and potential immunogenic reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has demonstrated significant advantages in the treatment of UC, and regulating the SIRT signalling pathway is one of the key mechanisms by which TCM prevents and treats UC. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on TCM in preventing and treating UC by regulating the SIRT signaling pathway. It delves into the molecular mechanisms of SIRT activation in the pathological process of UC and elucidates how TCM components modulate the SIRT signaling pathway through multiple pathways and their potential mechanisms of action, providing new insights for UC treatment.