Abstract: The classical Chinese medicine formula Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction(BBTD) originates from Medical Heart Enlightenment, which has the efficacy of strengthening the spleen and resolving phlegm, calming the liver and suppressing wind. This paper systematically reviews the chemical composition, mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic characteristics of BBTD. Studies show that BBTD contains a variety of active ingredients such as flavonoids, lactones and triterpenoids. These compounds exert therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory action, antioxidant activity, regulation of metabolic disorders, vascular and neuroprotection, modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and modulation of the gut microbiota. BBTD has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating various conditions including hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis, vascular dementia, vertigo, migraines, and epilepsy. This article aims to further promote the modernisation of BBTD, with a view to providing more comprehensive theoretical support for clinical applications.