Abstract: Pharmaceutical affairs management is foundational for ensuring public medication safety and advancing high-quality pharmaceutical industry development. The continuous conceptual evolution of this field necessitates modernization reforms characterized by legal standardization, digital transformation, and global integration as a strategic imperative. This special issue establishes a dedicated Pharmaceutical Affairs Management column, focusing on 4 interconnected domains: regulatory policy innovation, drug registration systems, pharmaceutical service delivery, and industry advancement frameworks. Through rigorous examination of pivotal challenges, which include regulatory modernization, service model transformation, and industrial ecosystem optimization, this column aims to establish evidence-based governance frameworks, strengthen China's pharmaceutical safety governance capacity, and catalyze the transition from volume-driven growth to value-oriented development in pharmacy practice. These scholarly contributions ultimately support the comprehensive implementation of the Healthy China 2030 Initiative.