Abstract: Androgenetic alopecia(AGA) is a highly prevalent non-scarring alopecia worldwide, and current treatments have certain limitations. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are vital mechanisms driving the progression of this disease, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have emerged as a novel research direction for its treatment. This paper elaborates on the molecular mechanism that dihydrotestosterone triggers oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, ultimately leading to hair follicle miniaturization. It also introduces the characteristics and application scenarios of three major categories of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants including ubiquinone derivatives, peptide antioxidants and natural active ingredient. Combined with cutting-edge technologies such as microneedle delivery, exosome drug loading, artificial intelligence and gene editing, the clinical application status of related therapies is analyzed. Furthermore, the future research directions including multi-target combined therapy, senescent cell reprogramming and hair follicle organoid model establishment are prospected. This article comprehensively reviews the mechanism of action, drug categories, technical applications and development prospects of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in the treatment of AGA, providing references for subsequent basic research and clinical transformation in this field.