Abstract: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MI/RI) is an inflammatory disease that induces apoptosis through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and hypercontraction, leading to cell damage and organ dysfunction. The pathophysiology process of MI/RI mainly includes reactive oxygen species generation, calcium overload, apoptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction and immune response, etc. Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway regulates various biological processes such as survival, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation through various cellular mechanisms, plays an important role in the regulation of MI/RI, and is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MI/RI. This review studied the relevant literature on traditional Chinese medicine monomers and compound formulas applied to MI/RI, took ischemia-reperfusion injury as the main entry point, sorted out research literature in recent years, conducted research from the perspective of the pathophysiological mechanism of MI/RI, and further explored the role and specific mechanism of MAPK signaling pathway in the prevention and treatment of MI/RI with traditional Chinese medicine, which had important research value and clinical significance, in order to provide scientific and objective evidence for the MI/RI research of traditional Chinese medicine and the development of new drugs in the future.