Abstract: Atherosclerosis(AS) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular diseases worldwide, with a complex and multifaceted pathogenesis. In recent years, the role of mitochondrial energy metabolism in AS has garnered significant attention. Mitochondria serve as the cellular powerhouses, generating adenosine triphosphate(ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS) to maintain normal cellular functions. Additionally, mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, producing reactive oxygen species(ROS), and mediating apoptosis. This review summarizes recent advancements in the study of mitochondrial energy metabolism in AS, aiming to elucidate its critical role in the pathophysiology of the disease and to provide new insights for future research and therapeutic strategies.