Abstract: Hydrogel is a three-dimensional cross-linked polymer network, and it is a widely utilised component of drug delivery systems due to its easily controllable solute transfer properties and favourable biocompatibility. However, the poor mechanical strength and uncontrolled drug release of conventional hydrogels represent significant obstacles to their utilisation as medical materials. It has been demonstrated that the incorporation of nanoparticles into hydrogels can result in enhanced mechanical properties. Furthermore, the incorporation of responsive groups into drug delivery systems can facilitate the controlled release of drugs while maintaining the structural integrity of the system. A reactive oxygen species(ROS)-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel delivery system represents the application of functional responsive materials to a novel delivery system. This system has the potential to achieve a targeted and controlled release of pro-drugs at disease sites exhibiting ROS overexpression. Furthermore, it combines the advantages of both nanoparticles and hydrogels as drug carriers, thereby addressing the limitations of a single carrier. This approach can result in the development of more robust chemical, physical, or biological properties. This paper reviews the application of different ROS-responsive chemical bonds or groups in nanocomposite hydrogel delivery systems, with a view to providing ideas for the development of more multifunctional responsive materials for application in drug delivery systems.