Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) is a peptide hormone secreted by L cells in the small intestine. Clinically, it is primarily used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and its complications. It exhibits effects such as lowering blood glucose levels, reducing blood lipids, improving weight loss, and protecting the cardiovascular system. Due to the rapid degradation of GLP-1 by DPP-4 and clearance by the kidneys, exogenously administered GLP-1 has half-life of 1-2 min, which limits its clinical application. Through a series of structural modifications to GLP-1, the plasma half-life of GLP-1 analogs can be prolonged to exert therapeutic effects. The first GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) was Exenatide, which was approved by the FDA in 2005 for the treatment of T2DM, and since that time, several GLP-1 RAs have been added to the drug class. GLP-1 analogs have developed from the initial single target to the current double target or even triple target preparations, which is conducive to coordinated blood sugar reduction and regulation of fat metabolism, and greatly broadens the therapeutic field of such drugs. This article mainly discusses the impact of different structural modification strategies of GLP-1 drugs on clinical efficacy, as well as the characteristics of approved GLP-1 drugs, in order to provide reference for future new drug development.