Abstract: At present, most of the drugs used to treat cancer before and after surgery are chemotherapy drugs. While the use of chemotherapy drugs improves the survival rate of cancer patients, these drugs can also induce adverse reaction that significantly reduce the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and the quality of life of cancer patients. Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment(CRCI) is a major problem for patients receiving chemotherapy, and the incidence of CRCI is increasing year by year in the absence of standard treatment, which seriously reduces the quality of life of patients. Although CRCI has attracted enough attention in clinical practice, its mechanism has not yet been fully understood, and it can only be treated symptomatically with antidepressants, antidementia, antioxidants and other drugs, and the effect is limited and single, so actively exploring safe and effective drug intervention methods has become the direction of current research. This review summarized the relevant literature on previous studies of CRCI, highlighted the possible potential pathogenesis of CRCI in animal and clinical studies, and highlighted several drugs that might help in the treatment of CRCI, to provide reference for the search of effective drug treatments.