Abstract: Migraine is a chronic neurovascular disease, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. At present, trigeminal neurovascular theory and cortical spreading depression are relatively recognized. Brain-gut axis is a pathway for intestinal microorganisms to participate in two-way information exchange between brain and intestine, which can affect the attack of migraine. Migraine belongs to the category of "Brain wind" and "Headache" in traditional Chinese medicine, which is safe and effective in treating migraine with minimal adverse reactions. In recent years, more and more studies have suggested that migraine has a certain relationship with microbial-intestinal-brain axis. Traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion can interfere with the pathogenesis of migraine by affecting the level of brain-gut peptide and the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora to achieve analgesic effect. Therefore, the changes of brain-gut peptide and intestinal flora may be the potential mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating migraine. Based on the latest research results, this paper based on the theory of microbial-intestinal-brain axis, summarizes the pathogenesis of migraine and the influence of traditional Chinese medicine on the microbial-intestinal-brain axis pathway of migraine patients, so as to provide reference for scientific research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of migraine.