Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and poses a serious threat to human health. Atherosclerosis is a chronic abnormal inflammatory disease of the arterial vasculature that often causes cardiovascular disease. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis includes a variety of factors, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. In recent years, ubiquitin-specific proteases(USPs) have been found to play an important role in AS, affecting the development of AS through various pathways and mechanisms. Therefore, this article reviews the use of USPs in AS and their mechanisms to provide a new basis for clinical prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.