Abstract: Functional constipation(FC) is a refractory and common disease that adversely affects people's quality of life and health. The selection of medications or measures to prevent and treat FC remains a core challenge for clinicians. Natural polysaccharides, with their broad spectrum of sources, low adverse reactions, and varied biological activities, have garnered great interest in drug development for the prevention and treatment of FC.With in-depth research on the structure and pharmacological activities of natural polysaccharides, it has been summarized based on literature studies that natural polysaccharides can prevent and treat FC by regulating neurotransmitter levels, improving intestinal flora and water-electrolyte metabolism, regulating interstitial cells of Cajal, and repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier. Future research should leverage multidisciplinary approaches to extract specific components of natural polysaccharides for targeted research, aiming to develop new therapies for the prevention and treatment of FC that meet international standards while incorporating Chinese characteristics, as well as to provide a theoretical foundation for clinical innovative medication and subsequent experimental research.