Abstract: Cholic acid is the most abundant component of bile acids in human body. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has the activities of maintaining bile acid homeostasis, improving metabolic inflammation and neuroprotection, which are closely related to its clinical application. Cholic acid is mainly used in the treatment of rare diseases congenital bile acid synthesis disorder and brain tendinous xanthosis, and is also an important clinical index in the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. This paper aimed to clarify the clinical therapeutic mechanism of cholic acid and guide its further development and utilization by summarizing the research progress of pharmacological action and clinical application of cholic acid and analyzing its correlation.