Abstract: Metabolic diseases are a series of chronic diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and so on, which have seriously affected people’s health and life safety. It is very important to find effective drugs to treat metabolic diseases from natural compounds. Alismatis Rhizoma, as a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, has the effects of diuresis, dampness elimination, turbidity reduction and lipid reduction. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Alismatis Rhizoma has many pharmacological activities, such as lipid-lowering, glucose-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and so on, showing good potential in the treatment of metabolic diseases. This review focuses on seven metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver, diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, osteoporosis, etc., focusing on the efficacy and mechanism of Alismatis Rhizoma and its active components in the treatment of these diseases in recent 15 years, in order to better provide evidence for research and clinical treatment.