Abstract: Exosomes are cell-secreted/derived vesicular nanoparticles that mediate a novel form of intercellular communication. Cell secreted mRNA and microRNAs(miRNAs) can undergo functional transfer between cells with exosomes and be delivered to recipient cells as endogenous miRNAs, while regulating multiple target genes or signals. The intercellular communication mediated by exosomes and intestinal microbiome-host cell communication are involved in the pathogenesis and development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). This paper review the role of exosomes in the mode of cell communication, and discuss the pathogenesis, progression, therapeutic and diagnostic role of exosomes in IBD, as well as its clinical application prospects, in perspective of intercellular communication.