Abstract: Anxiety disorders are often accompanied by abnormal changes of the neurotransmitters concentration. GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Main targets of drugs for the treatment of anxiety disorders involve GABA receptors, glutamate decarboxylase and GABA transporters. In addition, the latest research progress of animal models of anxiety based on GABAergic neurotransmission is introduced, which provides a reference for further revealing the pathogenesis of anxiety and the development of new medicine.