Abstract: Dose-dependent cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines limits its further use in cancer therapy. Recent animal studies have shown that cerium oxide nanoparticles in conjunction with anthracyclines can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy without increasing the damage to normal heart cells. This article introduces the biomedical properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles and the related mechanisms of cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines, and reviews the anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in the cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines, so as to provide a possible strategy for clinical prevention and treatment of anthracyclines cardiotoxicity.