Abstract: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(ω-3 PUFA) have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, the active ingredients of which include eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Studies have shown that supplementing the diet with ω-3 PUFA has preventive and therapeutic effects on a variety of lung diseases, including acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Therefore, this article reviews the latest research progress on the effects and mechanisms of ω-3 PUFA on lung diseases, in order to provide a reference for the treatment of respiratory system diseases.