Abstract: OBJECTIVE To compare the features of effective components in Stellariae Radix, soil inorganic elements and Stellariae Radix from different habitat, and to analyze the correlation between soil and inorganic elements and effective components of medicinal materials. METHODS The habitat soil samples of Stellariae Radix from 9 habitats were collected, the contents of 16 inorganic elements were determined by ICP-MS. The fingerprint map of inorganic elements was drawn. The contents of total sterols and total flavonoids were determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry, and the Pearson correlation analysis was carried out between the contents of inorganic elements and total sterols and total flavonoids in soil and medicinal materials. RESULTS The medicinal materials of Stellariae Radix and soil from different areas had relatively consistent characteristics of inorganic elements, but exhibited different characteristics due to different inorganic elements, and the contents of total sterols and total flavonoids were also different from different areas. Correlation analysis showed that there were different levels of correlation between inorganic elements and soil inorganic elements, there was a significant negative correlation between S element and total sterol content, there was a significant negative correlation between soil and medicinal material Mg element and soil Ca element and total flavonoids content, and there was a significant positive correlation between As element and total flavonoids content. CONCLUSION The inorganic elements of Stellariae Radix and habitat soil show different synergistic or antagonistic effects, and show a certain interaction with the effective components of medicinal materials. The results provide a reference for the construction and scientific planting of Stellariae Radix.