Abstract: Nanoparticles that are research hotspots in drug delivery systems, still have some disadvantages such as short circulation time in vivo, ease of recognition and clearance by reticuloendothelial system, which limit clinical applications. In recent years, the combinations of natural cell membrane components and nanotechnology have provided new solutions to these problems. A novel bionic system composed of nanoparticle core and cell membrane shell greatly can improve the performance of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles coated by cell membranes are endowed with unique functions such as prolonged blood circulation, active targeting capability and enhanced internalization. This review focus on the newest development of cell membrane- modified nanoparticles drug delivery systems and introduce their application prospects in cancer therapy.