Abstract: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids,immune cells and fiber components in the arterial wall.The current clinical diagnosis technology lacks accuracy and specificity,and it is difficult for drugs to directly target plaque to achieve effective treatment.Therefore,how to accurately diagnose and effectively intervene in vulnerable plaques,and achieve the precise delivery of therapeutic drugs have become an urgent clinical problem to be solved.In recent years,with the rapid development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials,nanotechnology has shown unique advantages in monitoring the formation of vulnerable plaques and increasing the concentration of drugs in plaques,this article reviews the above progress based on the types of nanomaterials,in order to provide a useful reference for the research and application of nanotechnology in the field of accurate diagnosis and treatment of AS diseases.