Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical research status and application progress of opioids in children with cancer pain. METHODS Combined with relevant domestic and foreign literatures in recent years, this paper comprehensively discussed the evaluation of cancer pain in children, opioid medication regimens, adverse reaction and current clinical application status. RESULTS Many pain assessment tools were currently available, but it was found that only a few assessment tools had been specifically developed to examine cancer pain in children. Additionally, minimal evidence was found on the efficacy and safety of opioids for treating cancer pain in the special group of children children and its clinical use was greatly restricted. CONCLUSION During clinical treatment, the best cancer pain assessment tools should be selected according to the characteristics of the disease, age and cognitive ability of children. Treatment plans of opioids should be selected according to their age, weight, indications, concomitant disease, adverse reaction tolerance, suitable administration methods for children, and multimodal analgesia is adopted when necessary to achieve a balance between pain relief and adverse drug reactions. In the future, more research attention should be paid to the treatment of cancer pain in children.