Abstract: There are many records of Aspongopus in ancient Chinese medicinal books, but the description is relatively simple, and some of the adulterants are similar to its morphology, which leads to the confusion of commercial varieties of Aspongopus, so it is necessary to carry out in-depth textual research on Aspongopus. At present, the wild resources of Aspongopus have plummeted, and the scale of artificial culture has not yet been formed, so it is urgent to find new drug sources. By consulting the ancient books and processing standards of traditional Chinese medicine, and combining with modern research, this paper makes a systematic textual research on the name, origin, nature and flavor, effect and indications and processing evolution of Aspongopus and analyzes the medicinal value of the adulterants of Aspongopus. The textual research results show that Aspongopus mentioned in ancient books might be the general name of many similar insects of Pentatomidae, and Aspongopus chinensis Dallas is the main source species of Aspongopus in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 Edition, and it is mainly used to strengthen Yang and treat epiglottic stagnation of Qi. At the same time, there are a variety of processing methods, including cleansing technology, baking, stir-frying and wine stir-frying, but there are great differences in stir-frying and wine stir-frying methods in different provinces and cities, so it is necessary to further standardize the processing technology to ensure the quality of medicinal materials. Literature records and pharmacological studies show that some of the adulterants have similar efficacy and have the potential to become a new drug source. This paper can provide a basis for the development, utilization and processing of Aspongopus, which is beneficial to the medicinal research of the adulterants of Aspongopus and improve the utilization of resources.