Abstract: Migraine is a common neurovascular disease in clinical practice. Due to its complicated etiology, the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. At present, the prevention and treatment of migraine is still in the stage of continuous exploration. The "microbiota-gut-brain axis" theory proposed in recent studies provides new possibilities for the mechanism of migraine. It believes that gut microbes participate in the regulation of the central system through the "gut-brain" axis and may lead to neurological diseases. Therefore, this article reviews related articles at home and abroad, combined with the etiology and pathogenesis of migraine, details the relationship between intestinal microbes and neuropathic diseases, clarifies the mechanism of intestinal microbes involved in migraine, and conducts follow-up research. Looking forward, it is expected to lay a theoretical foundation for the research on the pathogenesis of migraine and the development of new therapeutic drugs.