Abstract: Synaptic abnormalities are related to a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Synaptic vesicle protein 2A(SV2A) is widely expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. Due to the potential value of drugs targeting SV2A in neurodegenerative diseases and mental diseases, researchers have shown increasing concern about the use of positron emission tomography imaging agents targeting SV2A. In the past decade, several positron emission tomography imaging agents of SV2A protein have been developed to realize the visualization and quantification of synapses in vivo. Researchers use C-11 or F-18 to radioactively label the drug, and then inject it into rodents and non-human primates for preclinical studies, and apply different kinetic modeling methods to quantitatively analyze the effects of drugs entering the body. This review describes the radiation synthesis methods of these positron emission tomography imaging agents, and introduces their limitations and prospects by focusing on their radiochemistry properties, as well as preclinical proof of concept and major clinical studies currently in progress.