Abstract: Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa L.. It has a neuroprotective effect and can pass through the blood-brain barrier. It is an ideal candidate drug for the treatment of various neurological diseases. Its role in neurological diseases such as glioma, cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury has attracted widespread attention. However, curcumin is limited in its application due to its low bioavailability. In recent years, it has been discovered that nanoparticles can effectively improve the bioavailability of curcumin. Many pre-clinical trials found that the nanoparticle drug delivery system has made curcumin pharmacologically well applied. Therefore, this article reviews the latest research progress on the effects and mechanisms of curcumin nanoparticles on various diseases of the central nervous system, in order to provide a reference for the treatment of nervous system diseases.