Abstract: OBJECTIVE To establish sensitive indexes for the rational application of perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics. METHODS The sensitivity index of rational application of perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics was preliminarily established by searching literatures, the Delphi method was adopted to conduct 2 rounds of letter consultation for 36 pharmaceutical and medical inspectors respectively, and the results were statistically sorted out. RESULTS The sensitive indexes of rational application of perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics constructed include 3 first-level indexes, 9 second-level indexes and 16 third-level indexes. The effective recovery rates of 2 rounds of expert letter inquiries were 90% and 100%. The authoritative coefficient of the second round was 0.83, and the overall coordination coefficient was 0.370, there were statistically significant(P<0.01). CONCLUSION This study constructs the perioperative sensitive indicators for the rational application of antibacterial drugs for preventive use in the perioperative period, which meets the proactiveness, authority and consistency standards of various experts, and is worthy of further popularization and application.