Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of erianin, an active component of Dendrobii Caulis, on the neuro-behavior of zebrafish. METHODS Erianin's regulation of zebrafish embryo and larval neurodevelopment was studied through embryo behavior analysis, larval locomotor activity determination, and embryo apoptosis detection. Meantime, embryo development toxicity evaluation and tissue growth test were used to study the effect of erianin on embryo development. RESULTS Erianin significantly accelerated the spontaneous movement, relieved the neuro inhibition condition and increased the acclimation capacity of zebrafish. In addition, erianin inhibited the hatchability, impaired yolk absorption as yolk sac area increasing, and reduced body length. CONCLUSION Erianin can be considered as a promising agent for treating neurological diseases in the future, meanwhile the toxic effects should be taken into account.