Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation between the chromatographic peaks of Callicarpae Nudiflorae Folium and its antibacterial effect, establish a mathematical model of the spectrum-effect relationship between them, and reveal the possible material basis of the antibacterial effect of Callicarpae Nudiflorae Folium. METHODS HPLC was used to detect 10 batches of medicinal herbs and different extracts of Callicarpae Nudiflorae Folium, and the fingerprints of medicinal herbs and 6 different extracts of Callicarpae Nudiflorae Folium were established. Similarity software was used to screen the fingerprints of extracts and medicinal herbs. The common peaks of the selected peaks with a matching number > 2 were used for spectral effect correlation analysis. Six different extracts were tested in vivo and in vitro. Used SPSS statistical software to study the correlation between common peak and antibacterial activity, and establish a mathematical model by linear regression. RESULTS There were a total of 35 common peaks, 21 of which were related peaks. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the correlation peak and the antibacterial effect in vivo, and a negative correlation between the antibacterial effect in vitro. The model fitting precision was high, the correlation coefficient R² was >0.9 except for Escherichia coli, and the chromatographic peaks 1(catalpol), 15(forsythiaside B), 23(isoacteoside) and 27(2’-acetylacteoside) were introduced into the spectrum. Effective correlation equations were strongly correlated. Chromatographic peaks 1(catalpol), 9(protocatechuic acid), 10(protocatechuic aldehyde), 12, 14(caffeic acid), 16(ferulic acid), 18(verbasic glycosides), 19(luteolin), 23(isoacteoside), 25(2’-acetyl fund stauroside), 27(2’-acetylacteoside), 28(luteolin), 29(quercetin), 30, 32(apigenin), 34(isorhamnetin), 35(5,4’-dihydroxy-3,7,3’-trimethoxyflavone) were significantly related to antibacterial effects in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION The established spectrum-effect relationship model can better evaluate the correlation between the chromatographic peaks of the extract of Callicarpae Nudiflorae Folium and its pharmacological effects. It is basically determined that the components of Callicarpae Nudiflorae Folium to play antibacterial effects are mainly phenylglycoside compounds, followed by flavonoids. This experiment laid the foundation for the material basic research of Callicarpae Nudiflorae Folium.