Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study a rapid prediction method for the determination of six active components in aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. based on near infrared spectroscopy. METHODS The contents of gallic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol in aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. were simultaneously detected by HPLC. The near infrared spectroscopy of 4 000-10 000 cm^-1 was collected. The partial least squares regression models of six active components were established separately after optimizing the preprocessing method and wavenumber range. The software was devised to provide a convenient tool for the rapid determination of six active components in the follow-up samples by using Visual Basic as the integrated development environment. RESULTS On the basis of the developed software, the contents of six active components could be calculated automatically within 20 s after collecting the near infrared spectra and clicking "Predict". The correlation coefficients of six active components between the predicted and the reference values for validation set were 0.966, 0.983, 0.850, 0.946, 0.977 and 0.979, and the root mean square errors of predictions were 9.23, 0.496, 4.07, 0.059 6, 0.023 4, 0.039 9 μg·mL^-1, respectively. CONCLUSION The contents of gallic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol in aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. can be determined accurately and rapidly by the near infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression algorithm. This study provides a basis for rapid quality evaluation of Melastoma dodecandrum Lour..