Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore and summarize the characteristics and rules of external treatment of fever in children with traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS With the theme words of "external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine" and "children with fever", searched CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database related clinical research literature from January 2010 to December 2019, established a database, summarized the types and external treatment methods of fever in children, drug use, drug categories, high-frequency drug tropism, external treatment, frequency of administration, location, etc., and analyzed association rules. RESULTS A total of 214 literatures on the treatment of children's fever with traditional Chinese medicine were screened out. The diseases of children's fever treated with traditional Chinese medicine were mainly exogenous and pneumonia, and the treatment methods were mainly medicine bath, foot bath, enema, acupoint sticking, mostly using bupleurum, Schizonepeta, mint, gypsum, Artemisia and other traditional Chinese medicine, and the drugs used were mainly surface resolving drugs, heat clearing drugs, cold, pungent, and lung meridian returning drugs. The core drug pair was mainly composed of surface resolving drugs and heat clearing drugs. The treatment often took about 3 d as a course of treatment, and the frequency of medication was mostly 1-2 times a day. The location of medication was closely related to the way of administration. CONCLUSION The external treatment of children's fever mainly consisted of surface resolving drugs and heat clearing drugs, focusing on the selection of traditional Chinese medicine with cold properties, spicy taste and lung meridian. Clinically, the compatibility of bupleurum, Artemisia, mint, Schizonepeta, gypsum and other traditional Chinese medicines can be considered.