Abstract: OBJECTIVE To provide basis for identification of Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Prain, comparing difference of volatile oil composition of Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Prain in different producing areas. METHODS The volatile oil of Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Prain was extracted by steam distillation, the chemical constituents were analyzed by GC-MS. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis were performed by SIMCA-P software. RESULTS The extraction rate of volatile oil was 0.29%-2.63% in Hainan group, 0.50%-3.09% in Yunnan group, 0.40%- 7.38% in Laos group and 0.40%-4.16% in Myanmar group. According to the analysis of GC-MS, 54 main components of volatile oil of Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Prain were obtained. Through the analysis by SIMCA-P, it was concluded that there were 11 common components in the volatile oil of Hainan, Yunnan, Myanmar and Laos, 3 unique components in Hainan, 3 unique components in Myanmar, 4 unique components in Laos, and 17 other differential components. CONCLUSION There are differences in the volatile oil components of Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Prain in different producing areas. This difference can be used to identify the producing areas of Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Prain.