Abstract: OBJECTIVE To provide a scientific basis for the identification and authenticity of Gastrodia elata B1., by constructing a HPLC fingerprint of the chemical components of Gastrodia elata B1., combining with multivariate statistical methods to compare Gastrodia elata B1. from different origins. METHODS HPLC was developed for the determination of chemical fingerprint of Gastrodia elata in different regions. Shiseido CAPCELL PAK Ⅱ MG C₁₈ chromatographic column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5.0 mm) was used with column temperature 30℃, methanol-0.05% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as mobile phase, gradient elution and analysis time 35 min, velocity 1.00 mL·min^-1, sample quantity 10 mL, detection wavelength 220 nm. The 79 Gastrodia elata samples from different origins were tested. Similarity evaluation system software(2012 edition) was used for fingerprint information statistics of contained component peak area, and SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used for principal component analysis and cluster analysis. RESULTS Gastrodia elata samples from different producing areas had good consistency. By constructing the HPLC fingerprint of Gastrodia elata, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the samples of Gastrodia elata could be divided into Yunnan and non-Yunnan Gastrodia elata. CONCLUSION The results showed that the fingerprint technique could provide scientific basis for the identification of Gastrodia elata origin and the authenticity of Gastrodia elata.