Abstract: Stroke is a disease characterized by brain ischemia and hemorrhagic injury. It is one of the leading causes of global death and can cause severe long-term disability and cognitive dysfunction in patients. However, the effective protective measures currently available for patients with stroke are very limited, especially for perioperative patients. In recent years, the involvement of various inhaled anesthetics, including sevoflurane, has opened a new path for neuroprotection in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke. In cerebral ischemic injury, sevoflurane can play a neuroprotective role, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, regulation of cerebral blood flow and substance metabolism, maintenance of blood-brain barrier and neural remodeling. This article reviews the clinical application and neuroprotective mechanisms of sevoflurane in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which aims to elucidate the important role of sevoflurane in the neuroprotection of stroke.