Abstract: OBJECTIVE The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with chemometric was used to establish a method for rapid identification of geographical origins of Peucedani Radix. METHODS Firstly, the NIR spectra of 90 Peucedani Radix samples from six main origins were collected, which were divided into the calibration set (72 samples) and the prediction set (18 samples). Secondly, chemometric methods were used to establish a model for determination of geographical origins of Peucedani Radix using the calibration set. Finally, the performance of the model was evaluated using the prediction set. RESULTS The parameters of the model were as follows:the spectral preprocessing method was multivariate scatter correction (MSC) with Savitzky-Golay convolution second-order derivation algorithm (SG) (window parameter was 51, fitting times was 1), and the spectral band was 8 400-4 200 cm^-1, the number of principal components of discriminant analysis model was 18. The results of the prediction set indicated that the correct recognition rate was 100%, and there were obvious boundaries between Peucedani Radix samples from 6 different geographical origins. CONCLUSION It was showed that near-infrared spectroscopy can be used to determinate geographical origins of Peucedani Radix quickly and accurately. It provides theoretical support and practical methods for the rapid identification of the geographical origins of Peucedani Radix.