Abstract: In recent years, there have been a number of vaccine safety incidents in China, which have aroused great concern from society. In vaccine safety management, cold chain management is the top priority. Based on literature, this paper introduce the situation of vaccine supervision in China, analyze current situation and existing problems of the cold chain management, draw lessons from domestic and foreign existing supervision, management and technical experience, then put forward some improvement suggestions, such as improve legislation and standards, drcrease cold chain distribution costs, improve deviation management system, establish traceability system.