Abstract: OBJECTIVE Taking Ejiao as an example to discuss the connotation of Chinese and Western medicine for “anti-anemia”. METHODS Through literature search, from the historical record of anti-anemia effect of Ejiao, the essence of “blood” of Chinese and Western medicine, the relationship between “blood deficiency syndrome” of traditional Chinese medicine and “anemia” of western medicine, the comparison of common drugs for treating ischemia and the modern connotation of Ejiao anti-anemia 5 aspects of literature were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS The anti-anemia effect of Ejiao had been recorded in ancient and modern times, and it has been confirmed by previous clinical studies; the concept of “blood” in Chinese and Western medicine was different; the concept of “blood deficiency syndrome” in Chinese medicine was different from the concept of “anemia” in western medicine; modern research on the treatment of common ischemic drugs by Chinese and western medicine was obviously different. The obvious difference is that the anti-anemia effect of Ejiao has the basis of modern pharmacological research. CONCLUSION There is an essential difference between the concept of “anti-anemia” in Chinese and western medicine. The public should correctly understand the difference in anti-anemia efficacy between Chinese and western medicine, and face the anti-anemia effect of Ejiao.