Abstract: Astragali Radix is the dry roots of the leguminous plants Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao and A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. It has been used for thousands of years for replenishing Qi, and widely used in clinic. In the recent years, due to the variation in the cultivation of Astragali Radix and various types of adulterants, the quality of Astragali Radix has been difficult to discern. Therefore, its quality evaluation method has always been a hot topic in Astragali Radix research. How to establish the quality standard of Astragali Radix that reflects the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine and the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, has always been one of the difficulties in the study of Astragali Radix. Therefore, this paper reviewed domestic and foreign literatures and summaried from the three aspects, i.e.: morphological information(source, traits, microscopy), chemical information(chemical composition), and biological information(genetics and pharmacodynamics as the core) of Astragali Radix, to reflect the current progress in the research of authenticity, effectiveness, safety and concordance of Astragali Radix. This paper aims to provide reference and basis for the quality control and its study of Astragali Radix.